The eye-catching change is the introduction of a minimum 20% tax rate on taxpayers with income exceeding €250,000 (£208,000) which will be in force for one year. This will affect an estimated 24,000 households in France and they will be expected to pay at least 20% tax on their annual earnings, curbing use of creative tax planning to offset tax liability.

Going forward, from 2026, there are plans for more permanent measures to stop perceived tax avoidance.

French personal income tax rates are progressive with a top rate of 45%, plus an existing 3% threshold for top earners, while various reliefs are available for married couples, civil partnerships and those with children.