UK government figures estimate the cost of setting up the new tax collection system at £40-45m, with annual running costs of £4.2m - borne by the Scottish government.
The committee says it is vital that the Scottish parliament is able to scrutinise HMRC and hold it to account over its performance when collecting the new tax.
Public Audit Committee convener Iain Gray MSP said: 'While the referendum debate gathers pace, we must not overlook the introduction of the SRIT. Whatever way the referendum turns out the SRIT comes into effect in 2016.
'The Scottish and UK governments are already working together on its introduction, but it's important that the Scottish parliament is able to scrutinise how HMRC performs when collecting this tax.
'In short, we are examining what level of detail do we need to be able to hold HMRC to account?.
'The implications of not collecting this tax properly could be profound for future years' Scottish spending, and we want HMRC to be able to demonstrate to this parliament that it is doing its job effectively and efficiently.
'Our view is that without proper data on things like compliance rates, error and fraud levels, the 'tax gap' and so on it will be impossible for this Parliament to determine how successful HMRC has been in collecting this tax. Over the coming months we will be examining carefully what would make a suitable audit framework.'
The committee is calling for evidence on 10 specific topics. The deadline for responses is 1 July 2013.
This latest chapter in Scotland's increasing desire for greater political and fiscal autonomy has gained momentum ever since the Scotland Act of 2012 devolved a number of new powers to the Scottish Parliament.
Some of the most significant relate to the finance provisions of the 2012 Act and include provisions to set a new Scottish rate of income tax.
A recently closed consultation focused on the structure and powers of the new organisation, Revenue Scotland, focusing on tax compliance, tax avoidance, tax dispute resolution, treatment of taxpayer information and accelerated tax changes.
The consultation is available HERE
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