The only certainty in business today is uncertainty, driven by the rise of nationalism and its impact on international trade, the fast pace of change being driven by technological change and digital disruption, and the fact that we are at a late stage in the economic cycle. What follows is a view on how leaders in business can adapt to the new environment.

Since the global financial crisis of 2008, investors have been punishing underperforming companies more quickly and severely. The rise of activist capital, disruptive technology, as well as shifting investor priorities are compounding this trend.